Herpes simplex virus 1/2 (PCR)

Swab (blister contents)

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a common virus that typically causes cold sores or fever blisters around the mouth and lips (Herpes simplex virus type 1, HSV-1) or genital herpes (Herpes simplex virus type 2, HSV-2).

HSV is highly contagious and can be transmitted through direct contact with an infected person's skin or bodily fluids, such as saliva, genital secretions, or lesions.
After the initial infection, HSV remains in the body and can periodically reactivate, causing recurrent outbreaks. These outbreaks are often triggered by factors like stress, illness, hormonal changes, or a weakened immune system.

Approximately 10-20% of acute sporadic viral encephalitis is caused by HSV, with approximately 95% of herpes simplex encephalitis cases being caused by herpes simplex virus 1.


Note: If herpes encephalitis is suspected, antiviral therapy (Zovirax®) must be immediately initiated, before laboratory results are obtained.