Ehrlichia/Anaplasma (PCR)

EDTA blood or tick

Ehrlichia is a genus of bacteria belonging to the Anaplasmataceae family. These bacteria are obligate intracellular pathogens, which means they can only survive and multiply in the cells of their host organisms. Ehrlichia bacteria are mainly transmitted to humans and animals through the bite of infected ticks.
There are several Ehrlichia species that can cause disease in humans, including Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia ewingii and Ehrlichia muris-like (EML). These bacteria can cause a range of diseases collectively known as ehrlichiosis.

Symptoms of ehrlichiosis can vary depending on the Ehrlichia species, but often include fever, headache, muscle pain, fatigue and sometimes a skin rash. In severe cases, ehrlichiosis can lead to complications such as respiratory distress, kidney failure and neurological problems.

Ehrlichiosis is usually diagnosed by blood tests that detect antibodies or the DNA of the bacteria. Treatment usually involves the use of antibiotics such as doxycycline.



Anaplasma is a genus of bacteria that can cause disease in humans and animals. The most common species that affects humans is Anaplasma phagocytophilum, which causes a disease called human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA). HGA is transmitted in the United States mainly through the bite of infected ticks (Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus).

Typical symptoms of HGA include fever, headache, muscle aches, chills and fatigue. In some cases, it can also lead to more severe complications such as respiratory distress, organ failure or even death. HGA can be diagnosed by blood tests and is usually treated with antibiotics such as doxycycline.